A disturbing list
Temperature changes and changes in the rates of rainfall can carry a spread of pathogens that cause diseases so far have been more confined to certain areas.
Tuberculosis: The Old Testament and referred to a disease that every year, affecting 10 million people. Today, it is distributed throughout the world, but is especially problematic in Africa, where the introduced European livestock in the nineteenth century. Besides humans, the disease also affects wildlife populations, such as lions and buffalo in Kruger National Park, one of the most tourist places of South Africa and an essential part of the local economy. Experts fear that climate change may favor the contact between livestock and wild animals and thus increase transmission of TB.
Rift Valley Fever: As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) is "a viral zoonosis that primarily affects animals but can also reach the human being." It has a high rate of mortality and morbidity. The virus that causes it, which is usually transmitted by mosquito bites, still present in Africa and North Africa (late twentieth century, Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania suffered outbreaks). Although more isolated cases have also been located in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, "causing concerns for its possible spread to other parts of Asia and Europe", according to WHO.
Sleeping sickness: Known mostly for the insect that transmits the tsetse fly, trypanosomiasis is endemic in parts of Africa and, in total, affecting 36 countries. The herds are most often infected with protozoo'Trypanosoma bruceipero ', but also wild animals and people. "The direct or indirect effects [...] of climate on the distribution of the tsetse fly, which is usually on the vegetation surrounding rivers and lakes, forests and savanna-play an important role in the spread of the deadly disease, "explain the authors.
'Red tides': Certain algae blooms on the coasts around the world, a phenomenon known as 'red tides', produce toxins that are dangerous to marine animals and also to humans."Temperature variations will undoubtedly impact of unpredictable time in this natural phenomenon," says the report.
Avian Flu: The storms and periods of drought and do not follow the rhythms that were historically established. No one now knows for sure when the clouds downloaded or run out of water when the lakes. This alteration affects the migratory movements of birds and, therefore, in the expansion of avian influenza, a disease that since 2003 has in alerting governments around the world for the possibility that their most deadly strain, H5N1 , mutate and be able to transmit between humans, which, so far, has not happened.Babebiosis: It is a typical example of a disease that until recently had a limited impact but has increased its presence by climate change. East Africa has become increasingly common in Europe and North America. This is a tick-borne disease that affects both wild and domestic animals and people. Although it does not cause serious problems, it does make the hit more susceptible to other diseases.
Cholera: Also known as 'disease of poverty' is a disorder caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae that spreads easily through contaminated food and water. Restricted to developing countries, the general increase in water temperature seems to indicate an increased incidence of this disease, characterized by severe vomiting, cramps and diarrhea and can lead to death.
Ebola: Famous for the film that title and be a constant threat to the African continent, Ebola virus usually is spread by being in contact with body fluids of someone infected or sick monkeys. As with its close relative, Marburg fever, Ebola kills people easily, gorillas and chimpanzees and, currently, no cure. The report notes that there is significant evidence that outbreaks of both diseases are related to unexpected variations of the rainy season. As climate change affects these alterations are likely to be more frequent outbreaks and recognize them in new locations.
Yellow fever mosquitoes that transmit this virus are concentrated in different regions of Africa, Central and South America. Changes in temperature and rainfall favor the arrival of these insects are biting during the day and infect monkeys and people. Recently, Brazil and Argentina have reported outbreaks with a major impact on the population of primates. The study of infection of these animals has led to a vaccine, so far, protects humans traveling to affected areas.
Intestinal Parasites: Many parasites are transmitted through aquatic environments.Changes in the sea level and temperatures that many of them will survive longer and, therefore, can infect a large number of individuals.
Lyme disease: Transmitted by bacteria through tick bites, this pathology, as well as other transmitted in the same way, you can expand its borders due to higher temperatures suitable for life of these arachnids. The disorder takes its name from Lyme, Connecticut, where he first identified in the 70's. It is characterized by a rash and symptoms similar to influenza.
Plague: Plague Yersinia, one of the oldest infectious diseases which are known and which has cost the lives of 200 million people, still causes death in some locations. The bacteria responsible for this plague is preferred by rats and spread by the bites of fleas that live in these rodents. But when these animals are scarce, they have no problem also bite people and once that happens, are infected each other by air. If climate change affects rodent populations and their geographical distribution will also affect the distribution of plague.
Tuberculosis: The Old Testament and referred to a disease that every year, affecting 10 million people. Today, it is distributed throughout the world, but is especially problematic in Africa, where the introduced European livestock in the nineteenth century. Besides humans, the disease also affects wildlife populations, such as lions and buffalo in Kruger National Park, one of the most tourist places of South Africa and an essential part of the local economy. Experts fear that climate change may favor the contact between livestock and wild animals and thus increase transmission of TB.
Rift Valley Fever: As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) is "a viral zoonosis that primarily affects animals but can also reach the human being." It has a high rate of mortality and morbidity. The virus that causes it, which is usually transmitted by mosquito bites, still present in Africa and North Africa (late twentieth century, Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania suffered outbreaks). Although more isolated cases have also been located in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, "causing concerns for its possible spread to other parts of Asia and Europe", according to WHO.
Sleeping sickness: Known mostly for the insect that transmits the tsetse fly, trypanosomiasis is endemic in parts of Africa and, in total, affecting 36 countries. The herds are most often infected with protozoo'Trypanosoma bruceipero ', but also wild animals and people. "The direct or indirect effects [...] of climate on the distribution of the tsetse fly, which is usually on the vegetation surrounding rivers and lakes, forests and savanna-play an important role in the spread of the deadly disease, "explain the authors.
'Red tides': Certain algae blooms on the coasts around the world, a phenomenon known as 'red tides', produce toxins that are dangerous to marine animals and also to humans."Temperature variations will undoubtedly impact of unpredictable time in this natural phenomenon," says the report.
Avian Flu: The storms and periods of drought and do not follow the rhythms that were historically established. No one now knows for sure when the clouds downloaded or run out of water when the lakes. This alteration affects the migratory movements of birds and, therefore, in the expansion of avian influenza, a disease that since 2003 has in alerting governments around the world for the possibility that their most deadly strain, H5N1 , mutate and be able to transmit between humans, which, so far, has not happened.Babebiosis: It is a typical example of a disease that until recently had a limited impact but has increased its presence by climate change. East Africa has become increasingly common in Europe and North America. This is a tick-borne disease that affects both wild and domestic animals and people. Although it does not cause serious problems, it does make the hit more susceptible to other diseases.
Cholera: Also known as 'disease of poverty' is a disorder caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae that spreads easily through contaminated food and water. Restricted to developing countries, the general increase in water temperature seems to indicate an increased incidence of this disease, characterized by severe vomiting, cramps and diarrhea and can lead to death.
Ebola: Famous for the film that title and be a constant threat to the African continent, Ebola virus usually is spread by being in contact with body fluids of someone infected or sick monkeys. As with its close relative, Marburg fever, Ebola kills people easily, gorillas and chimpanzees and, currently, no cure. The report notes that there is significant evidence that outbreaks of both diseases are related to unexpected variations of the rainy season. As climate change affects these alterations are likely to be more frequent outbreaks and recognize them in new locations.
Yellow fever mosquitoes that transmit this virus are concentrated in different regions of Africa, Central and South America. Changes in temperature and rainfall favor the arrival of these insects are biting during the day and infect monkeys and people. Recently, Brazil and Argentina have reported outbreaks with a major impact on the population of primates. The study of infection of these animals has led to a vaccine, so far, protects humans traveling to affected areas.
Intestinal Parasites: Many parasites are transmitted through aquatic environments.Changes in the sea level and temperatures that many of them will survive longer and, therefore, can infect a large number of individuals.
Lyme disease: Transmitted by bacteria through tick bites, this pathology, as well as other transmitted in the same way, you can expand its borders due to higher temperatures suitable for life of these arachnids. The disorder takes its name from Lyme, Connecticut, where he first identified in the 70's. It is characterized by a rash and symptoms similar to influenza.
Plague: Plague Yersinia, one of the oldest infectious diseases which are known and which has cost the lives of 200 million people, still causes death in some locations. The bacteria responsible for this plague is preferred by rats and spread by the bites of fleas that live in these rodents. But when these animals are scarce, they have no problem also bite people and once that happens, are infected each other by air. If climate change affects rodent populations and their geographical distribution will also affect the distribution of plague.
